Method of coating and tool or appliance for applying coating



H. W. DAY.

METHDD 0F COATING AND TOOL 0R APPLPANCE FOR APPLYING COATING.

APPLICATION man JULY 9,1919.

1,369,520. Patented Feb. 22, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l- I ventov'; Herbert Wy,

H. W. DAY.

METHOD 0F COATING AND TOOL OR APPLIANCE FOR APPLYING COATING.

. APPLICATION FILED JULY 9.19l9.

1,369,520. f Peeeeeea Feb. 22,1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

e *MQ Wma@ n Inventor; HeverWy,

UNITED. STATES rnfrrsrrry oFFlcr..

HERBERT W. .'DAY, OF WOLASTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO SPRAY ENGI- NEERING- COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSA- CHUSETTS.

METHOD F COATING AND TOOL OB APPLIANCE FOR APPLYING- COATING.

Application led July 9,

This invention relates to tools or appliances for applying coating to surfaces, and

in certain aspects thereof it is an improvement upon the construction shown and uppn the invention disclosed in my Patent o. 1,172,233, dated February 15, 1916, and also relates to an improved method of coating.

eThe coating, if a liquid, may be a paint, japan, varnish or an other suitable coating medium, or it may e a solid in powdered form, and the material or surface to which it is to be applied may be of any character, such, for example, as wood, metal or other material. 1

An important object ofthe invention is to provide an industrial tool which may be used not only in rough work not requiring a great nicety of manufacture or costly and delicate parts, but which may be -used satisfactorily in fine work. Other objects of the invention may be set forth hereinafter.

Referring Vmore particularly to the drawings, wherein Iv have represented a single embodiment of my invent1on Figure 1 is a vertical section of a tool constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 1a is a detailin" vertical section showing certain of the valves in a different posltion from that represented in Fig. 1

Fig. 2 is a detail more or less dlagrammaticbut in plan- View and representing thev approximate shapefof the sheet discharged from the tool; f

Fig. 3 is a detail in side elevation of a modified form of the tool of my invention;

. Fig. 4 is a view generally similar to Fig.

1, but with parts broken away-to accommo-y date the tool to that form of my invention shown in Fig. 3; and 'D Figs. 5 and 6 are details 1n vertlcal section upon the lines 5--5 and 6-6 of Fig. 4 and looking towardthe left in said figure.

The tool or appliance may be of any suit- Specification of Letters Patent.

W. Dar, a

Patented Feb. 22, 1921. 1919. serial No. 309,692.

`able material, but is vpreferably metallic. The body 1 thereof may be of any suitable form, and preferably it is provided with a handle or extension 2 whichmay'be integral therewith. The body and said handle are provided. with a passage 3 for air or other suitable fluid underv pressure and constituting the motive agent, and with a passage 4 for the paint or otherucoating liquid or powder, and which may also be supplied under suitable pressure, if desired, or through gravity.

n' To this end, I provide suitable pipes leadlng from sources of supply of compressed air and paint or other coating material.

' The body 1 near its outer end is threaded as represented at for the reception of a cap 3 internally threaded at 9 and' provided with a discharge orifice 10 for the motive' agent i 'and the coating material. Preferably I prov ide interchangeable caps having different slzes or characters of opening 10 in accordance with the type of work upon which it is desired to use the tool.

In my said Patent No. 1,172,233, I have disclosed means for forming a film of the 'coating material which is broken up andv discharged by the air or other motive agent,

the film being constantly renewedby capillarity. In accordance with my present invention, I provide and maintain a film in substantially the same mannerbetween the inner surface of the cap 8 as at 11, and the outer surface 12 of a nipple 13 externally threaded at its iner end as indicated at 14 and received upon the internally threaded end 15 of a sliding sleeve 16. or sake of clearness, I have somewhat exaggerated the space between the surfaces 11, 12 when the parts are in open position. It isl to be understoodthat the surfaces are in open-position in such relation to'each other as to secure the formation and re-formation of a film substantially as disclosed in my said patent, but which in this embodiment of my invention is to be discharged as a sheet rather than as a mass of general conical form. The slidingl sleeve 16 is positioned with a suitable sliding fit within the inner part 17 of the body 1, as clearly indicated in Fig. 1. If desired, I may provide packing between the part 17 and the sleeve 16 as indicated atpreferred mode of manufacture.

represented the forward end of said passage as closed by a plug 18, this constituting the The said ody is also represented as provided with a suitable passage 18 with which the paint passage 4 'communicates and by which the paint or other coating material is led to the point of ultimate discharge.

Within the sliding sleeve 16 I position the spindle valve 22 having a tapered forward end 23 adapted to enter the tapered portion 24-.of the axial opening 25'extending through the nipple 13 and to close said passage 25 when thel spindle 22 is in its forward position. The spindle 22 is provided with an integral formation or attached part 26 having" longitudinal passages 27 permitting the flow of air'along the spindle 22. This construction may be secured by forming the part 26 as a collar having in effect radiating teeth.

At some suitable point, the inner surface of the sliding sleeve 16 is provided with an annular shoulder 28 against which the part or collar 26 is adapted to take whenin the position shown in Fig. 1.

The, body 1 at its rear end is shown as having an air chamber 29, preferably of rela tively large diameter'and closed at the outer'y .end by a threaded cap 30. The chamber 29 which may be formed separately from the main part of `the body lis secured thereto by means of a nut 31 externally threaded as indicated at 32 to engage the interiorly threaded part 33 of the body 1, as clearly indicated -at Fig. 1. Between the innerend of the nut'31 and the adjacent end ofthe sliding sleeve 16 is acoiled spring 34 tending j constantly to move the sliding sleeve forward Y or toward the left, viewing Fig. 1, and there'- fore throughfthe engagement of the shoulder 28 with the part or collar 26 to move the spindle 22 in the same direction. I Suitably vsecured upon the spindle 22 within the chamber 29 is av piston-like member 35 herein shownl as consisting of a middle disk 36 leather disks 136 lhere shownas having folded over rims andtvvo outer metallic disks 37, all held in' faceto face relation by nuts A38, 38 upon the threaded end'3'9 ofthespindle 22. l f

Threaded into the cap 30 ofthe chamber 29 is a screw 40 having a lock nut 41. The

screw 40 constitutes a' lock when moved inward sufficiently to holdzthe lspindle 22 A closed position -and'insuch position ofthe parts the tool or appliance cannotvv be oper-- is internally threaded as indicated at 46 and receives a threaded plug'47 having an opening 48 for the escape of air from the chamber 44 to the atmosphere.

Within the chamber 44 is a'valve 49'mounted upon a suitable stem 50 and adapted to govern the port or passage 43. Also'mounted upon said 'stem 50 is-a valve 51 controlling the port or passage 42. While each of the valves 49, 51 may be constructed in any manner desired, I have for the purpose herein represented, them as composed ofa series of nuts or washers threaded onto the stem 50 vwhich for that purpose is threaded throughout its entire length.

In order to operate the valves 49, 51, I provide any suitable means, as, for example, a lever 52 pivoted at53 upon the arn 54 herein shown as extending from a collar 55'-` fastupon' the upper part .of the air passage.

4. At the upper endv of the lever 52 is piv- 57 herein shown as having a threaded connection 58 with the stem 50. The lever 52 is provided with an operating handle 59 per' mitting convenient manipulation b a finger or thumb of the user of the tool. hen the tool is in closed position, vthe surface 12 ofl the plug 13 is in contact with the'inner surface 11 of the cap 8, thus entirely cutting off theflow -of the paint or other coating material'at substantially the" point of ultlmateA discharge. The tapered end 23 of thespin- Aoted at 56 a yoke or other suitable' member A dle 22 is at the same time seatedvagainst the'l inner tapered surface 24 ofthe axial open-l ing 25 in the plugj13, thus cutting oftheA supply of the compressed air or other motive fluid. When it'is'desi'red to open or operate the tool,"the lev`er52ispressed bythe nger or-thumb ofn the operatorinto 'the position shownjn Fi 1v thusfcutting off the flow of'air throng the passage 43 and opening the passage 42'to the flow 'of lair against the left hand faceof` the piston 35. The air which was in the air chamber 29 to the rear The spindle 22 is thereupon moved to the 12a .of tli'e p iston 35 .at the same time escapes through the Iorifice 48 to the atmosphere.'

rig-ht into the position shown in Fig. 1, and' thus the passage 25 for fthe air is opened, the air passing thereto along the collar or part 26.` The movement of spindle22 to the right brings the part or collar 26 into en# gagement with the shoulder 28, and there-.- upon the' sl dmg'sleeve 161s moved to the right, viewing Fig. the coil spring 34. The further movement to the right of the spindle 22 causes a movement in the same direction of the sliding sleeve 16 through the en agement of the said part or sleeve 16 and t e'shoulder 28, andy stream of air passing through the` axi'a passage 25. When it is desired to sto the operation of the tool, the pressure of t e thumb or finger upon the lever 52 is released, and the air pressure moves the valves 49, 51 into the position shown in Fig. la, and thereupon` the spring 34 forces the sliding sleeve 16 forward or toward the left viewing Fig. 1, so as to close the paint or other coating passage between the surfaces 11 and 12. The

,spindle 22 is caused to move with the sliding sleeve 16, because of the engagement of the part 26 and the shoulder 28, the sliding sleeve and spindle moving as a unit until the paint orv coating passage. is closed. The valves 49, 51 havin been moved into the position ,shown in Fig. 1, the assage of air through the port 42 is cut 0E and the air enters through the port 43, and acting upon the right hand face of the piston 35, viewing Fig. 1, it forces the spindle v23 farther forward until the tapered end 23 thereof comes into engagement withthe tapered inner surface 24 of the passage25 through the nipp e 13.

Thus it will be observed that both the coating material and the motive fiuid are cut off at substantially the point of ultimate discharge, and that the coating material is cut off' before the How of the motive agent 1s cut ofi". In moving the parts of the tool into l operative or open position, the air passage 25 is opened first and very shortly thereafter the paint or coating passage liso ened, land the formation of the film is instltuted and continued as already described. The motive duid tends to cut off the fiow of such fiuid when directed against the right hand face of the piston 35, and it tends, with the cooperation of the spring 34 as already set' forth, to-cut ofi' the flow of the coating material. The aint passage is opened a ainst the action of) the spring 34, but the initial opening of the air passage is not opposed by said spring.

In my Patent No. 1,172,233, I have disclosed means whereby the film is discharged as a mass of general conical form. In accordance with my present invention, I transform the 4disrupted film into a sheet at or in closefproximity to the point of ultimate discharge. While this may be accomplished 1 against the tension of.`

in any suitable way, I preferably effect the same by 'the provision of supplemental jets or supplies of the motive agent which is desirably compressed air. Such motive agent in the form of jets or otherwise impinges upon tlfe disrupted film as the latter is discharged through the opening 10 and reduces the same to sheet form.

For this purpose, in Fig. 1, wherein I have shbwn one form of means for practising my method, I have represented an outer cap which is internally threaded at its rear end as represented at 61 and is received upon the outer threaded surface 62 of a short-collar 63, the inner surface whereof is threadopening 66 which fits upon the forward end of the cap 8, and adjacent to the cap 8 it is provided with any suitable-number of perforations 67. For the purpose I have herein represented.V two such perforation's, the air or other motive agent being discharged therethrough in two streams 68, 68 diametrically indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. The said streams impinge upon-the stream 69'ofV the disrupted film slightly in advancel of the point where thelatter issues from the orifice 10, and the direction of the opening4 67 is such that the streams 68, 68 expand or widen to the same extent as the stream 69, 'so that the entire width of the upper and lower surfaces of the stream 69 are subjected ,to the action of both the streams 68 of compressed air, with the result that the entire stream is flattened into a sheet, such as indicated in dotted lines at 70 in Fig. 2. This sheet is of relatively narrow width at its base 71, but widens as` indicated in said figure. The cap 60 may be rotated through any desired portion of the circle, so as to change the angular relation of the openings 67 with res e'ct to the vertical axis of the tool. The e ect of this is similarlyto change the'plane of the sheet 70.

In Fig. 5, I have represented two different positions of the outer cap 60, by means of full and dotted lines, but it will be understood .that the cap 60 may be rotated to any desired extent, so as correspondingly to lchan-ge the plane ofthe sheet of coating materlal.

While I may provide any desired means With the described construction, in order circumferentially to adjust the cap 60, I preferabl apply a wrench to the polygonal end 71 o the nut 63, and rotate it in such a direction as to movethe cap 60 forward along the cap 8., thus slightly separating the adjacent `eids of the two caps. Then by reason of the fine thread 62, I may turn the l cap 60 to change the positiont of the perforations 6,7, and hence change the plane of the sheet, and thereupon I turn the collar 63 in the opposite direction, so as to tighten the said cap60 upon the cap 8.

The amount of air admitted into the space 65. is governed by thel position of the collar 63, which may be ymoved to vary the size of the space 64 between it and the end'of the cag` 8. he collar or nut'63 thus acts as a type of reducing valve to vary the amount of air.

that is permittedto enter into the annular space 65 through the annular space 65.

vIn order to vary the size of the space by manipulation of the nutl or collar 63, the outer cap 60 isturned, say, 180 or 360 in a forward direction, thus removing the forward end of said cap from contact with the outer face of the cap 3. This allows, suiii- .cient space for the rotative adjustment of the nut or collar 63, if, for example, it be desired to enlarge the space 65 so as to permit more air to pass therethrough and to be upon the atomhe movement of through the thread 62 restore the cap 60 to contact at its outer edge with lthe cap 8.

The coating material is supplied desirably by capillary action to the space between the cap 8 and thecap 13 and lies across the discharge opening 25'of the cap 13. The main supply of air vunder pressure is discharged transversely against the film so p osltioned, and the effect of discharging the air against a film'or body of coating material so positioned (instead of discharging the `same against a body of material positioned .in ring form, as, for example, between the inner surfaceof a passage and a valve within vthat passage) is to discharge the coating material fromthe tool or Vappliance in an atomized condition, but nevertheless at such a low velocity and with such pressure that it is possible further to atomize the discharged cpating material by subjecting the same to the action of the supplemental air jets through the openings 67 '67.

While it'has heretofore been'proposed to discharge supplemental air jets upon atom-l ized coating material so as to changey the shape 'of the discharged mass tosheet form, the` result in practice has not been further to atomize the discharged material, and so.

far as I am aware, I am the iirst to effect such further atomization. Such further atinterstices or cracks.

It will be observed that at or substantially at the point of ultimate discharge from the .tool or appliance, I have provided means not only to Vary the thickness of the film and also entirely to interrupt or destroy the same for the time being, but I have provided means for cutting olif or regulating the main air supply at .suchpoint Thus I am permitted not only to obtain the desired thickness of film substantially at the point ofdischarge, but I can at such point provide for an 'additional air supply.

`In Figs. 3 and4, I have shown a slightly modified form of tool constituting a part of my invention. It will be observed that in omization is o f extreme importance, as it permits the'coated material to enter small the form of tool shown in Fig. 1, I have` ingthatform of my invention shown in Fig. 4, I remove the plug 72 and insert in C"place thereof a tube 73 which maybe of relatively great length, as indicated in Fig. 3. The plug 72 which I have removed, I

insert inthe position indicated in Fig. 4, so

as vto close the threaded opening in the body 1 previously entered by the upper end of the paint pipe -or passage 4. Upon the opposite end of the inserted'pipe 73, I preferably provide an elbow 74 threaded thereonto and also onto the upper end of the paint pipe orv passage 4.

' 1 have stated in describing Fig. 1, that the body 1 is secured to the chamber 28 by a nut 31. In adapting the nozzle shown in Fi 1 to that form of my invention shown 1n ig. 4, the nut 31 is removed and a tube 75 of suitableilengthl is substituted in its placethe inner end of said tube being-.received in the opening 76 in the chamber 29, after which the nut 31 is inserted within the inner end of the tubev 75, so as to secure together said tube 75 in the. chamber 29.

These changes may be quickly made andj adapt the tool for work upon surfaces otherwise 4diliicult of access or impossible to reach. My invention comprehends not only a tool or appliance for applying coating in sheet form, but also a method of yapplication of be understood that although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.

Claims:

1. Means for applying coating comprising means for maintaining a film of coating material, means for causing a motive agent to'break through and discharge said lm, and meansto effect the transformation of the discharged film into a sheet for application as such to the surface to be coated, whereby further atomization of the dischar ed film may be effected.

2. eans for applying coating comprising means for maintaining a film of coating material, means to cause a motive agent to lmi break through and discharge said film, and means to discharge the motive agent supplementally upon the discharged film to transform the latter into a sheet, whereby further atomization of the discharged film may be effected: l

3. Means for applying coating comprising inner and outer cap like members each perforated and having surfaces in justaposition, means to admit"`coating material between said members for the formation of a film, and to admit the motive agent through the inner member, and means to discharge themotive agent supplementally upon the discharged coating material to transform ythe latter into a sheet for application as such to the surface to be coated, whereby further atomization of the discharged film maybe effected.

4. Means for applying coating comprising means for maintaining a film of coating material, means for causing a motive a ent to breakthrough and discharge said lm, means for eHecting the supplemental discharge of the motive agent so as to impinge upon the discharged coating material to transform the latter into a sheet, whereby further atomization of the discharged film may be effected, and means to change the plane of such sheet.

5. Means for applying coating comprising means for malntaining a film of coating material, means to cause a motive a ent to break through and discharge such lm toether with means for providing first a free ow of the motive agent and then a free ow of the coating material, and means yfor transforming the mass of the discharged film into a sheet for application as such to the surface to be coated, whereby further atomization of the discharged film may be effected.`

6. Means for applying coating comprising means for maintaining a film of coating material, means for causing a motive agent to break through and discharge said film, and means to project supplemental supplies of the discharged film, thereby to flatten the.

same into substantially sheet form, .whereby further atomization of the discharged film may be effected.

7. A tool for applying coating as a sheet comprising a body having inner and outer cap-like members each perforated and having surfaces in juxtaposition, means to supply the coating material asa film between said surfaces and to supply a motive agent through said cap-like members and an outer member having provisions for discharging a supplemental supply of the motive agent upon a discharged film, thereby to fiatten it into substantially sheet form, whereby further atomization of the discharged film may be effected.

8. A tool for applying coating comprising a body having mner and outer cap-like members each perforated and having, surfaces in juxta osition and between which a film is adapte to be maintained, means for supplying lcoating material and motive Uagent to and through said members, and

whereby the motive aofentis directed against and discharges said film, and an outer caplike member 60 having perforations 67, 67 and suitably connected with the source of suppllyI of the motive agent.

eans for applying coating compris- A ing inner and outer cap-like members 8, 13, each perforated and lhaving Surfaces in juxtaposition, means for supplying the coating material between said cap-llke members for discharge through the outer cap-like member 8, means for supplying motive a ent to and through the inner cap-like mem er 13,

ios

material, ischarging'a motive agent against said film at substantially right angles to the plane of the former so as to disrupt and discharge said lm and further atomizing and fiattening 'said discharged film into sheet form for application as such.

12. That met od of applying coating comprising providing a film of coating material discharging compressed air against said film, thereby disrupting the same and discharging it as a mass' or cloud, and dischar ing compressed air upon said mass or clou so asv further to atomize it and to flatten or transform it into substantially sheet formfor application as such to the sheet to be coated.

13. Means for applying coating comprising inner and outer cap like members each' .perforated and having surfaces 1n juxtaposition and between which a film of coating material is adapted to be maintained, means to admit coating material between said members and to admit the motive agent through the inner member to be projected v against said film to discharge the latter, and

means to discharge the motive agent supplementally upon the discharged coating material to transform the latter into a sheet for application as such to thesurface to be coated, whereby further atomization of the dischar ed film may be effected.

14. eans for applying coatin comprising inner and outer cap-like mem ers 8, 13, each perforated and having surfaces in juxtaposition and between which a film of .coating material is adapted to be maintained, means for supplying the coating .material between said cap-like members for "dischargethrough the outer cap-like member 8, means'for supplying motive a ent to and through the inner cap-like mem er 13 l f thereby/discharging said film, and a rotatable cap having perforationsl 67 to effect -the impingement of a supplemental supply of the motive agent upon the discharged coatin material toflatten-it into sheet form.

15. coating applying' gun or tool having a discharge opening, means whereby coating material is supplied as a lm like body across said opening, means for projecting motive fluid under pressure 4against said coating material `across said o ening,

whereby the coating material is disc arged 1n atomized condition from the coating gun with an initial velocity low enough to permit said discharged coating material to bel further atomized bythe impact of fa supplemental supply of motive agent, and means to discharge a supplemental supply of inotive agent thereonto, thereby further to atomize the discharged coating material.

16. That method of applying coating to surfaces comprising supplying a film-like body of coating motive agent discharge opening, projecting the motive agent under pressure against the ,film-like body of coating material across said opening, thereby effecting the dischar e of the coating material in atomized con ition, and further atomizing the discharged v coating material by subjecting the same to l lthe action of a supplemental discharge of motive agent.

17. That method of applying coating comi prising providing a film-like body or supply of coating material across a discharge opening of motive agent, forcing said motive agent under pressure against said film- ,and means supp material across a suitable:4

like supply of the coating material, thereby discharging the material in an atomized condition but at-a suiiiciently low velocity to permit of further atomization, and discharging a motive agent under pressure supplementally upon such dischar ed, atomized coating material, thereby furt er atomizing the same.

d 18. A coating applying gun or tool comprising means to create a film, means to vary the thickness of the ilm at the point of formation, meanspto regulate a disrupting air supply under pressure at substan tially the omt of final discharge thereof upon said film, and means to subject the discharged lm to the action of a supplemental discharge of air under pressure, whereby further atomization ofthe discharged film may be effected.

19. A coating applying gun or tool comprising means to create a film, means to discharge said film .by the actionof a jet` of motive agent underppressu're, means at substantially the point. of discharge to de.

stroy the film when desired, and means further to atomize the lm. l

20. A coating applying gun or tool coinprising means to create a lm, means t o discharge said lm by the vaction of a jet of motive agent under pressure, means at substantially the point of dischar e thereof to prising providing a film of coating material,

discharging the same in an atomized conditionv and further comminuting or atomizing the discharged material by subjecting the same to a supplemental atomizing action.

23. A coating applying gun or tool having ination means to suppl a.-

means for discharging coating material inan atomized condition, and sup lemental means for furtheratomizing the' scharged material. j 24. That method of applying coating comprisin. discharging coating material in atomize condition by air under pressure, varying the discharge of thel air at the point of discharge, and further comminuting or atomizing the atomized discharged material. 25. A coating applying gun or tool having means toprovi e a body of coating material substantially at the point of discharge, means for subjecting said body of material to the action of air under pressure, means substantially at the point of discharge to vary the air discharge, and means further to comminute the atomized, discharged mate-A 26, A tool for applying coating compris-Al ing a bodyhaving inner and outer cap-like members each perforated and havin faces in juxtaposition, means to supp y the coating material and the motive agent to and through said cap-like members, anouter member having provisions for discharging a supplemental supply of the motive agent .upon the discharged coating material and means distinct from said outer member to vary the supplemental sup'plyof the motive agent. 'l 27. A tool for applying coating as a sheet comprising a body having inner and outer cap-like members each perforated and having surfaces in juxtaposition, means to suppljT the coating material and] the motive agent to and through said cap-likemembers, an' outer member 60 having provisions fordischarging a supplemental supply of the motive agent upon the discharged coating material, and valve means for the supplesurdestroy the film at the times desired, means at substantially the point of Sdischarge to cut oi' the main supply of motive agent, and means further to atomize the discharged film by a sup lemental jet or jets of motive agent.

29. cans for applying coating comprising means to supply liquil coating material, means to discharge a main supply of air-onto said liquid coating material, means to dischar e a supplemental supply of air onto the ischarged coating material, and means to cut off the main supply Without cutting oil' the supplemental supply, and converselytocut 0E 'the supplemental supplyy without cutting oi the main supply.

In testimony whereof, I havesigned my name to this specification. A

, s HERBEBTWDAY. 

